As many of you know (due to my shameless self promotion!) I will be bringing the final Space Shuttle rollout to you live. I hope to be bringing some live video (from my phone) and answering your questions and responding to comments via Twitter.
Important Links for the May 31st (at 8PM EDT) Event:
I know rollout is more of a photo opportunity than a live conversation event. But this is the last one ever and scince I am not a professional photographer, I wanted to concentrate on something you don't normally get during a rollout. And that is live, on the ground, reporting.
"Space Shuttle Atlantis bathed in the Xenon lights"
Subject: Atlantis Rollout for STS-132
Credit: Ben Cooper / www.LaunchPhotography.com
I want to "bring" you with me during this historic event and to talk with you about why this is not the end. True the Shuttle Program is ending, but the future for NASA, Space Science, US Human Spaceflight, and the new "commercial space" industry is very bright!
I hope to spark some interest in you (if you have none) and I hope I can inspire at least one student to consider getting an education in math, science, engineering, or technology. I am really hope I can get one student who says, "WOW, the Space Shuttle is cool, I wonder what space ship I can fly on when I grow up?" "I want to be an astronaut someday, the space ships we will have when I grow are going to be the coolest yet!" to study hard and achieve that goal of being an astronaut.
Her are a few links to get started with inspiring the next generation of scientists and engineers!
Yup! Blogging from the plane...using an iPhone. I'm not even a tech geek and I love this stuff!
That's it since we are bouncing all over the place. It's tough to type on a small keyboard.
Ohhh one more thing. Be sure to follow my tweets using the #atlantis135 hash tag and you can find me live at http://www.nashuatelegraph.com/topics/shuttlerollout during the last ever Space Shuttle rollout to Pad 39A.
Today will be a historic day in International Space Station (ISS) history. When the Soyuz TMA-20 undocks today for it's return to Earth, they will do an ISS fly-around capturing Space Shuttle Endeavour docked to the ISS. There was talk of trying this unique opportunity during STS-133, but an agreement could not be reached with the ISS partners.
Below you will find, NASA TV and SpaceflightNow.com video feeds for the Soyuz TMA-20 undocking and landing coverage. Followed the NASA briefing discussing the Soyuz undocking and fly-arround, as wells as the a fly-around animation video. Then you will find some information on the Soyuz TMA-20 as well as some helpful links.
Here is NASA TV's schedule (summarized) for the undocking/landing coverage (all times are Central):
Reminder: I embed many links in my posts. Please make use of them. Often they link to content that will enhance the post or they link to the source of my information. And if I have failed to properly credit anyone or any content, please let me know ASAP and I will correct it right away. - AC
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This post is part of a series related to the Sun Earth Day 2011 NASA Tweetup at Goddard Space Flight Center on March 19th, 2011. Any Earth Science posts will fall under this category between now and Sun Earth Day 2012!
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I assume if you made it past the title and you are reading this now, you really want to know why you should care. It all has to do with something called the water cycle. So, there are a few questions you are probably asking yourself, such as:
Most of your posts are about NASA, what does this have to do with them?
Why are you doing a post on the amount of salt in seawater? It's the ocean, it's supposed to be salty!
What is the water cycle?
And when I'm done answering these questions, you are certainly going to ask:
What inspired you to write about this topic?
What can I do participate?
Most of your posts are about NASA, what does this have to do with them?
The answer is simple. This post is about the Aquarius/SAC-D Spacecraft and its Earth Science mission.
Mission Overview:
This is a joint mission between NASA and the Argentinian Space Agency (CONAE). The main scientific objective is to measure the surface salinity of the Earth's oceans. This information is critical for better understanding the water cycle and ocean circulation. The Aquarius instrument was built jointly by NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL) in California and Goddard Spaceflight Center (GSFC) in Maryland. NASA is providing the launch vehicle, a United Launch Alliance Delta II, and the launch services at Kennedy Space Center. The Mission operations will be controlled from a CONAE ground station who will transmit all raw Aquarius data to GFSC (who is managing the mission operations phase and process the science data). JPL will mange the commissioning phase as well as the mission data archiving.
The Spacecraft:
The spacecraft is compromised of two major sections. NASA's Aquarius Instrument and CONAE's SAC-D spacecraft carrying a host of international instruments.
Launch Video Example - Delta II launch from VAFB SLC-2 May 5th, 2009
Additional Mission Information:
Why are you doing a post on the amount of salt in seawater?
I wanted to highlight this mission, which is to better understand ocean salinity and circulation. 70%+ of the Earth's surface is covered by water, 96.5% of that is stored in our oceans as salt water. These two attributes make the oceans, their circulation, and their salinity level major drivers in the water cycle. A better understanding of these will lead to improved weather forecasts and planet health.
What is the water cycle?
The water cycle, also called the hydrologic cycle, is the constant movement of water above (in the atmosphere), on (the land and oceans), and under the surface of the planet. Here is the Wikipedia description of the cycle:
It is important to know that all our water is recycled by the water cycle process. This means the water you drink, wash your dishes with, and swim in, is the same water used by all life on Earth since the beginning. Yes, you use the very same water that the dinosaurs used.
So, understanding this recycling process is not only important for things like weather forecasting, its very important to understanding the health of the planet. All ocean water (unusable for drinking and farming) becomes freshwater (needed for drinking and farming) at some point in the process.
How we manage, use, and treat our water matters! Only 1% of the Earth's water is usable by humans (click this link for the graphic). Water that is contaminated, polluted, poisoned, or otherwise rendered unusable, needs to go through the water cycle process to be recycled. This takes time and has a significant impact on the environment and ecosystem.
What inspired you to write about this topic?
There were two things that led to this post. First, I listened (and Live Tweeted) the Aquarius briefing on NASA TV the other day. This got me interested in the mission and the science objectives. This is where I learned the details and importance of ocean salinity and circulation. Second, I have been spending time on NASA Astronaut Ron Garan's website: Fragile Oasis
The website is currently featuring Projects from around the world related to Community and/or School Research projects. "There are ten content categories that correlate with Space Station infrastructure and activities: water, energy, health, food, environment, community, research, communication, education and peace. Criteria for project submission is simple – a demonstrated desire to make a positive impact on the community, city, country or world. Projects can be large or small, student research or mature design, concept phase or on-the-ground development." - from the Project Nomination Page on FragileOasis.org
All the projects are great! But two of the "water" related projects caught my eye.
The first being the Thirst Project This project seeks to raise "awareness about the world’s clean water crisis by educating the public through school curriculum and local speaking engagements, public exhibitions and other events." I am a believer in education being a path to solving current problems as well as preventing future ones. On their website, http://www.thirstproject.org/, you are hit with a reality on the home page.
"The Problem: Almost 1 billion people on our planet don't have access to safe, clean drinking water and proper sanitization. That's one in every eight of us. 4,500 children die every day from diseases caused by contaminated water. That's huge. That's approximately one child every 15 seconds. 80% of all global diseases are water-borne and result from drinking contaminated water. These diseases kill more than 2.2 million people every year."
If that statement is not a wake up call, I'm not sure what is.
The other project that caught my eye was One Drop in Honduras. This project is currently in Honduras supporting local partners and their efforts, with the Access to Safe Water for the Communities of the Dry Tropics of Honduras project. Its objectives are:
Improve access to safe water in order to increase the level of health and agricultural output
Ensure food security
Increase household incomes
Raise awareness of water-related issues through multidisciplinary shows and educational and artistic workshops
Promote gender equality
Develop leadership and mobilize youth so that they become agents of change
Again, what inspired me to write this post? Simple....water matters. It is a critical, scarce, and fragile resource. How could I not be inspired to bring it to your attention? I take my fresh, clean, safe drinking water for granted. I don't think about the ocean, the water cycle, or impact it has on our planet and ecosystem. I'm sure you don't either. I hope that by the time you are done reading, I have changed your mind.
What can I do participate?
There are hundreds of ways. But some simple and easy ways to get started are:
Become aware of the water cycle.
Become educated and knowledgeable on the impacts it has.
Share your knowledge and awareness. Twitter, Facebook, and blogs are great tools to do this.
Be aware of your water usage. Try to minimize how much you use.
Be mindful and supportive of Earth Science projects and missions like Aquarius/SAC-D.
Don't take water for granted. It is a resource that makes life (in the way that we know it) possible.
And finally, please support NASA and the ISS program. Check out this link to a story on the ISS Water Recycling System. The things we learn by having the ISS will directly translate to solving problems here on Earth. We will develop new processes, technologies, tools, and knowledge that will improve life, both on and off the planet. Believe me, sometime in the near future will will leave LEO. Water will be a part of that journey!
If you need an additional inspiration check out this shot from the ISS and follow Ron Garan and Fragile Oasis on Twitter.
Subject: A Fragile Oasis - Our Home Planet Earth
Credit: NASA/Ron Garan
Being a NASATweetup veteran, I am reliving the feelings you are going through in your hearts and minds as you get ready for the experience of a lifetime. I know first hand the dreams that will come true on April 29th as Endeavour leaves the pad for the last time. I especially know the journey you will take...it will be an emotional one. For me it was excitement, awe, passion, nervousness, and a little bit of sadness when Atlantis climbed the hill on May 14th 2010.
Subject: STS-132 NASA Tweetup Group
Credit: NASA
Subject: STS-132 NASA Tweetup
Credit: Aaron Cunningham
Even though Endeavour is the youngest of the NASA Orbiters, her legacy is long and historic. So, as you stand just 3.5 miles from the pad, looking at this living, breathing, complex vehicle, you may have a few questions about her history, her triumphs, and what it's like to fly her. You will probably stand in wonder and amazement at the things you will see, hear, and feel over your two days of the tweetup.
For example, you may wonder, what's it like to ride in the AstroVan to the pad? What are the thoughts that go through the minds of the crews as they ride the elevator up to the white room? What is an astronaut thinking when he or she hears over the loop "Endeavour, you are go for auto sequence start?" And what happens, at T-6.6 seconds, when the three SSME's ignite with fury causing the Shuttle to "twang" under the 1 million pounds of thrust being generated by an mixture of LOX/LH2? Then at T-0, the SRB's erupt with shocking light, sound, and vibration bringing the total trust up to 7.0 million pounds hurling the astronauts and Shuttle stack up the hill for the 8.5 minute commute to work. What's that moment like? I would love to be able to tell you from first hand experience, unfortunately I can't. But, I do know someone who can! Astronaut Tom Jones of the 1990 NASA Astronaut Class, the Hairballs. His classmates included Leroy Chiao, Janice Voss (Video: J Voss at STS-132 Tweetup), and Dave Wolf, all of whom I met at the STS-132 NASATweetup. Tom's first spaceflight was STS-59 (Brief Summary) aboard Endeavour. I just finished reading his book Sky Walking (a must read for all space enthusiasts) and in it Tom captures these moments in vivid clarity and detail allowing the reader the ability to share the in experience.
With Tom's permission, I am quoting the following section from:
Sky Walking - An Astronaut's Memoir
T-6.6 seconds, and tons of water flooded the pad and cascaded into the flame trench in a Niagara designed to cushion the shock waves of ignition. Endeavour's computers commanded the start sequence for the three main engines. Far aft in the orbiter's engine bay, turbopumps spooled up and the dentist-drill whine carried to us in the cabin. A rumble shook the stack from ten stories below as the main engines coughed fire and shivered their way up to full power. Six seconds tumbled by as the entire stack rattled with the barely restrained fury of a million pounds of thrust. "Three at a hundred!" said Kevin over the rumble as the engines shouldered Endeavour sideways, steel booster casings flexing under the load. Still bolted to the pad, the twin solid rocket boosters took up the strain, then sprang back to the vertical. The computers raced through engine checks and marked the time: zero. Wham! Twin boosters ignited and instantly added 6 million pounds of thrust to the fight against gravity. Gravity lost--just as explosive charges shattered the eight nuts holding the SRBs to the pad. Endeavour jolted into the air, sending a crash-bang wallop through the cabin. A giant mallet hammered my seat from below, and I felt the upward surge. Swiveling booster nozzles whipsawed us left, right, forward, and back, striving for the vertical. It was all I could do to plant a shaky finger on my kneeboard's digital stopwatch and stab it into life, my sole duty during the ascent. The clock is running!
Credit: Sky Walking by Tom Jones, Published: 2006
The time span coved by those four paragraphs was very short. All of that happened before they cleared the tower! Simply amazing! I got excited reading it, I am excited typing it out, and I am excited for all of you, when you will see it happen live on April 29th. And you will not only see it, you will hear it....and FEEL it. All three physical sensations will let themselves be known. As I said above there is an emotional journey that goes with this and it is unique to each of us. I can't tell you what it will be, but please let yourself have that experience. You won't regret it.
Launch and landing video of STS-59
I want to mention, briefly, three other things about Tom's book, the first being the main topic. His first attempt at EVA (Extra Link: NASA EVA Detail) and his subsequently successful EVA's during the delivery of the Destiny Lab to the ISS. He brings to life the preparation, anticipation, and execution of working in free fall.
Subject: Astronaut Tom Jones / STS-59
Credit: NASA
Another topic he discusses is the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia and her crew on STS-107. I remember this day like it was yesterday. I got a call that day in February 2003 "Turn on the TV, something happened to the Shuttle!" The imagery and emotions are still fresh for me. Now imagine it was your friends and colleagues. Tom, does this with sincerity and respect.
Subject: STS-107
Credit: NASA
Subject: STS-107 Crew Photo
Credit: NASA
Finally, at the end of the book Dr. Jones writes about his thoughts, opinions, and ideas for the future of the space and Shuttle programs. Many from my generation are bothered by the "early retirement" of the Orbiters, including myself. But, Tom rightly points out, they are just too expensive. It is well documented that the Shuttle program never achieved the cost economies set out in the original plan. As a result NASA had to funnel very limited budget resources to keep the Shuttles flying and ISS construction on track. This left precious little dollars for future vehicle development, science missions short of funds, and future exploration ideas without discovery money. Take a look at what he wrote, you may find you agree with his ideas.
There were other questions I mentioned earlier in the post. Such as, what is it like to ride in the AstroVan to the pad or to ride the elevator to the white room? You could be curious about what its like to prepare for a space shot. I know from reading books like Tom's Sky Walking and Mike Mullane's Riding Rockets, that it's years of training, family sacrifice, emotional highs and lows, and sometimes just a bit of luck. Tom, details these experiences in his book, if you want to enhance your Tweetup experience, pick it up. You will get an inside view of launch day activities such as the ride to the pad and the strap-in process; you will even get a idea of the emotional roller coaster a countdown can be.
Now think about how you will feel if you know the astronaut's point of view, when you see the AstroVan 50 yards in front of you, speed past on its way to LC39-A. Think about how you will appreciate the astronaut mind set as you watch them get strapped into their seats, which are attached to a very complex and fragile machine surrounded by....rocket fuel...which is highly explosive. I think you should know what an astronaut is thinking as he or she is preparing in the white room. Preparation that includes thoughts of family. It's important to remember that you are watching this launch along with each astronaut's friends and family standing nervously on the roof of the Launch Control Center (LCC). When you are at the Press Site, look left to the LCC, remember those families are giving their loved ones to the us, the space program, and the nation on launch day.
When you walk away from KSC on launch day, don't let the experience end. The mission goes on. STS-134 is scheduled for ~14 days of flight on the final ISS assembly mission. Honor Endeavour and her crew for this final flight by following it until you hear "Houston, Endeavour, wheels stopped."
As far as Endeavour's legacy and history, check out my prior post on April 3rd, 2011. I am not a historian nor a writer, so I don't do her justice. Take the time to do your own research to understand this storied spacecraft and those that have flown her.
I can see now, on my Twitter feed, Endeavour will proudly serve the West Coast in her retirement at the California Science Center. I'm sure this will be a great home allowing all who go and visit to learn what Endeavour has provided to the space program, our nation, and our planet.
If you would like to buy Tom's book you can go to:
Hello fellow space enthusiasts! As you can tell from the post's title I will be exploring the history Space Shuttle Endeavour. I feel now is a great time to get a background or refresher on this fantastically elegant, historically significant, soon to be retired space vehicle. As you know from previous blog posts, I like to use pictures, videos, and embedded links as part of the journey. It is your choice to stop and look, push the play button, or click the link to read more. I've tried to choose these carefully to make sure it is worth your time to explore beyond this to blog. For me, these links, pictures, and videos were part of my discovery to learn more about OV-105. I hope they will serve you well.
I also wanted to let you know, I am working on the Sun Earth Day 2011 posts that I promised in my March 21, 2011 post titled: So little time, so much to write.... But, this story on Endeavour, and another one that has been years in the making, are taking up my blog time. I want to keep the SED2011 momentum going until SED2012, so stick with me and I will get my updates out to you as soon as I can.
This mission is also personal for me since I made a special trip with my boys (no Mom this time) to see the launch from the KSC Visitor Center. It was an early morning launch window which meant our arrival st Kennedy Space Center (KSC) was around 10PM...this translates to two very tired boys. And we had to do it 2 days in a row due a 1st attempt weather scrub. Tired or not they loved it because the visitor center has a lot more going on than the NASA Causeway does (which was where we saw STS-128 launch from). My favorite quote from them was..."it's fun to watch the Space Shuttle from here Dad so we can play on the playground..." then the other one says..."ya but, we didn't get to see the business end light up like last time." Got to love kids, they have their priorities.
Sadly that's all I've got for facts in my head. Now you understand why I am compelled to go learn more. That's not a lot on information on something so well documented. And it shows sometimes a passionate space fan does not always know every bit of space history. Thanks to the internet, NASA, Boeing, etc... a lot of the information I went looking for was readily available. Again, this post is really about my journey to learn whatever I can about this spacecraft, NASA's youngest but no less experienced orbiter. A vehicle that made history on more that on flight. A workhorse who is about to prematurely retire, with years of design life left, after her last mission set to launch on April 19th, 2011.
Feb 15, 1982 - Start structural assembly of the Crew Module. (Wait, 1982? I thought Endeavour was built in the late 80's, early 90's. It was. OV-105 was built with many parts that were made as spares for Discovery and Atlantis.)
Jul 31, 1987 - Contract awarded to build Space Shuttle Endeavour.
May 7, 1991 - Delivery to KSC atop the modified Boeing 747
Subject: Endeavour arrives at KSC in May 1991
Credit: NASA
May 7, 1992 - Launched on her maiden voyage STS-49
Subject: STS-49
Credit: NASA
Subject: STS-49
Credit NASA
STS-49:
Primary Mission: Retrieve and repair the Intelsat VI (603) communications satellite that was left in an unusable orbit following it's March 1990 launch. Three EVA's were needed before a successful 3rd attempt when astronaut Pierre J. Thuot was able complete a hand-capture of the 4.5 ton satellite. They completed the repairs including the installation of a new rocket motor that would push the Intelsat to its required geosynchronous orbit.
Mission Records:
First EVA involving three astronauts.
The first (8 hrs 29 mins) and second (7 hrs 45 mins) longest EVAs to date.
First shuttle mission to have four EVAs.
First time a live rocket motor was attached to an orbiting spacecraft.
First time a drag chute was used by a Space Shuttle during landing. (An upgrade added to all Shuttles to shorten the rollout distance by 1,000 to 2,000 feet.)
STS-130 - ISS mission to deliver the Cuploa, "room with a view"
Subject: Astronaut Tracey Caldwell-Dyson in the Cupola
Credit: NASA
My thoughts:
I think my earlier sentiments about Endeavour being a fantastically elegant, historically significant, reliable workhorse who is about to be retired prematurely is exactly how I feel. I am disappointed we were unable to achieve the goal of making Shuttle operations a more frequent more cost effective program. Don't read this statement wrong, I am not disappointed in Shuttle operations, just in the lack of progress in reducing the per flight operating costs.
I know that rocketry is a very complex, extremely challenging, high risk business (aka HIGH COST), but we need to figure out how to do it right, at a reasonable cost, with nothing but the safety of our crews as the number one priority. Had NASA (and the Shuttle support contractors) figured out how to reduce operating costs (which was absorbing a huge percentage of NASA's budget, sometimes at the cost of other worthwhile programs) we should have been able to keep the Shuttles flying deeper into their design lives as well as working on the next generation of launch vehicles. I think the progress in commercial space is awesome, but NASA needed to be investing in their ideas years ago. I know limited funds (as a result of high costs of current programs and too small of a budget from Congress and the taxpayer) this did not happen at an appropriate level, so commercial space is a little behind. On a positive note I believe this situation is temporary and we will see progress accelerate significantly over the next 2 years.
I want to end this post on a positive note with a heart felt THANK YOU to Endeavour. As supporter and enthusiast of NASA, the space program, and a child of the Space Shuttle generation, your service will be missed. I've had the privileged to see you soar into the next frontier of exploration with my kids by my side. You delivered one of the most spectacular parts to the ISS....the Cupola. The views form there have been inspirational for those of us both on and off the planet.
Since my words don't do Endeavour or her spectacular history any justice, I will end with NASA's "Endeavour Retrospective" video:
